Gambling Disorder Cases in Macau Could Hit Decade-High Record in 2024

Macau is witnessing a troubling rise in gambling disorders among its residents. Recent data from the city’s Central Registry System for Individuals with Gambling Disorders reveal a significant increase in individuals seeking help in the first half of 2024.

The Macau Social Welfare Bureau (SWB) reported that 108 cases were registered from January to June, marking an increase of 39 cases compared to the same period in 2023. The report, which was cited in an AGBrief report, indicated that there were 169 cases by the end of 2023. If this trend continues, 2024 could see the highest number of gambling disorder cases in over a decade.

Historically, the past five years have shown a clear upward trajectory in reported gambling disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic initially suppressed these figures, but as restrictions eased, cases began to rise. In 2023, the total reached 169, the highest since 2017. Current projections suggest that 2024 might surpass this number, highlighting an escalating public health challenge.

Demographic insights from the SWB reveal that most affected individuals fall within the 30 to 39 age range, although cases span various age groups. Employment data show that 69 percent of those seeking help were employed. Only 13 percent were unemployed, while the remainder included students, homemakers, and retirees. This diverse demographic illustrates that gambling disorders can impact people from all walks of life.

The influx of visitors to Macau has also been substantial. In the first half of 2024, over 16.73 million tourists visited, averaging around 92,000 arrivals per day. This represents a remarkable year-on-year growth of 43.6 percent and demonstrates a recovery to about 82.5 percent of pre-pandemic visitor numbers. With such a booming tourism sector, the potential for gambling-related issues among both locals and visitors becomes a pressing concern.

An analysis of the cases registered in the first half of 2024 shows that 43 percent of individuals were diagnosed with moderate gambling addiction, while approximately 38 percent suffered from severe addiction. Mild cases accounted for about 15 percent. Interestingly, 60 percent of these individuals exhibited Behavioral Impulse Regulation (BIR) issues, indicating a common psychological factor driving their gambling behaviors.

The gender disparity in gambling disorders remains stark, with men representing about 88 percent of the cases. This year also noted a demographic shift: individuals without marital relationships were more significantly impacted, comprising 44 percent of the cases, in contrast to 35 percent for married individuals. This shift may reflect broader societal changes and highlight the need for targeted support systems.

Financial pressures appear to be a critical factor driving individuals towards gambling. The report indicates that 24 percent of those seeking help cited financial difficulties as a reason for their gambling. In addition, 17 percent turned to gambling as a means to relieve stress. Among the 108 individuals identified by the SWB, a staggering 71 percent reported having debts. The reported debt levels varied, with 14 percent owing between MOP100,000 (approximately $12,515) and MOP250,000 ($31,287). Additionally, 12 percent had debts exceeding MOP250,000 but less than MOP500,000, while 9 percent reported lower debts ranging from MOP50,000 ($6,257) to MOP100,000 ($12,515).

In terms of gaming preferences, baccarat remains the favored choice for gamblers, with 45 percent identifying it as their game of choice. Other popular options include sports betting, particularly football and basketball, which accounted for 7 percent of cases, while sic bo and poker attracted 6 percent and 5 percent, respectively.

Among the employed individuals seeking help, only a small fraction—4 percent—worked in the gambling industry, with just 1 percent identifying as croupiers. This suggests that while the gambling sector is a prominent part of Macau’s economy, a significant portion of those seeking help do not have direct ties to the industry.

Another notable finding is that 46 percent of those affected had lived in Macau for over 20 years. Furthermore, 56 percent indicated that their family members typically do not engage in gambling. This may point to deep-rooted cultural or personal factors contributing to the gambling issues among residents.

The data collection methods present some challenges, as 31 percent of users sought counseling via phone. This mode of communication complicates data gathering and may affect the understanding of trends in gambling disorders. Despite this, the increasing number of cases signals an urgent need for improved support systems and public health interventions.

Read related article: Macau Legislature Approves Enhanced Illegal Gaming Law to Tackle Gambling-Related Crimes